Effort and Comparison Income Survey and Experimental Evidence

نویسندگان

  • Andrew E. Clark
  • David Masclet
  • Marie-Claire Villeval
  • Alan Krueger
  • George Loewenstein
  • Andrew Oswald
  • Lata Gangadharan
چکیده

This paper combines ISSP survey data and experimental evidence from a giftexchange game to determine the effect of status or relative income on work effort. We find a strong effect of others’ incomes on individual effort decisions in both datasets. The individual’s rank in the income distribution has a more powerful effect on effort than does others’ average income, suggesting that comparisons are more ordinal than cardinal. We further show that, controlling for own income and income rank, the width of the relevant income distribution matters, with effort increasing in the distance from the bottom of the income distribution. Last, effort is also affected by comparisons over time: those who received higher income offers or had higher income rank in the past exert lower levels of effort for a given current income. Résumé Cet article compare les données de l’enquête ISSP et celles issues d’un test expérimental d’un jeu d’échange de dons, afin d’identifier l’effet du statut et du revenu relatif sur l’effort au travail. Nous observons un effet important du revenu d’autrui sur les décisions d’effort individuelles dans les deux bases de données. Le rang de l’individu dans la distribution des revenus a un impact plus important sur l’effort que le revenu moyen des autres, ce qui suggère que les comparaisons sont davantage ordinales que cardinales. Nous montrons en outre que, contrôlant pour le revenu et le rang personnel, l’étendue de la distribution des revenus au sein du groupe de référence compte, l’effort individuel étant d’autant plus élevé que le revenu est éloigné du bas de la distribution. Enfin, l’effort est aussi affecté par les comparaisons inter-temporelles : ceux qui ont perçu des revenus plus importants ou ont bénéficié d’un rang plus élevé dans le passé exercent un effort plus faible à revenu courant donné. ha ls hs -0 01 42 88 0, v er si on 1 23 A pr 2 00 7

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Effort and Comparison Income: Experimental and Survey Evidence

This paper considers the effect of status or relative income on work effort, combining experimental evidence from a gift-exchange game with the analysis of multi-country ISSP survey data. We find a consistent negative effect of others’ incomes on individual effort in both datasets. The individual’s rank in the income distribution is a stronger determinant of effort than is others’ average incom...

متن کامل

Experimental and Survey Evidence

This paper considers the effect of status or relative income on work effort, combining experimental evidence from a gift-exchange game with the analysis of multi-country ISSP survey data. We find a consistent negative effect of others’ incomes on individual effort in both datasets. The individual’s rank in the income distribution is a stronger determinant of effort than is others’ average incom...

متن کامل

How Important Is Selection? Experimental vs. Non-Experimental Measures of the Income Gains from Migration

How Important Is Selection? Experimental vs. Non-Experimental Measures of the Income Gains from Migration Measuring the gain in income from migration is complicated by non-random selection of migrants from the general population, making it hard to obtain an appropriate comparison group of non-migrants. This paper uses a migrant lottery to overcome this problem, providing an experimental measure...

متن کامل

Evidence on Asset Sales and Income Management: Case of Iran

This study empirically examines whether managers manipulate reported income through the timing of sales of long-lived assets and investments. Several empirical implications of the income-smoothing and debt-equity hypothesis in the context of asset sales were tested. The findings are consistent with the timing of asset sales by managers so that the recognized accounting income from these sales s...

متن کامل

Income: A Survey of Experiment~~ Evidence

Presidents and policy analysts are periodically seized with a passion to reform the nation’s welfare system. This passion occasionally results in a serious proposal for thorough reform, such as President Nixon’s Family Assistance Plan, President Carter’s Program for Better Jobs and Income, or President Reagan’s New Federalism. The only reform proposal that has received experimental scrutiny, ho...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2007